Citizenship

Of 183 cases where citizenship status is known, 45% were U.S.-born citizens, 28% were naturalized citizens, 14% were legal residents, 5% were refugees, 4% were illegal residents, and 3% were possessed student visas. 

U.S. Born Citizens – 82 (45%)

  • Aman Hassan Yemer[1]
  • David Williams [2]
  • Onta Williams [3]
  • Kobie Diallo Williams[4]
  • Levar Washington[5]
  • Bryant Neal Vinas[6]
  • James Ujaama[7]
  • Troy Matthew Kastigar [8]
  • Yassein Taher[9]
  • Donald Thomas Surratt[10]
  • Ruben L. Shumpert[11]
  • Derrick Shareef[12]
  • Tarik Shah[13]
  • Ehsanul Islam Sadequee[14]
  • Rafiq Sabir[15]
  • Randel Royer[16]
  • Stanley Grant Phanor[17]
  • Christopher Paul[18]
  • Gregory Patterson[19]
  • Jose Padilla[20]
  • Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad[21]
  • Jehad (Serwan) Mostafa[22]
  • Shafal Mosed[23]
  • Ahmad A. Minni[24]
  • Tarek Mehanna[25]
  • Shaker Masri[26]
  • Daniel Joseph Maldonado[27]
  • John Walker Lindh[28]
  • October Martinique Lewis[29]
  • Colleen R. LaRose[30]
  • Jamie Paulin-Ramirez[31]
  • Waqar Hussain Khan[32]
  • Masoud Ahmad Khan[33]
  • Betim Kaziu[34]
  • Kevin James[35]
  • David Coleman Headley[36]
  • Hamid Hayat[37]
  • Mohammad Omar Aly Hassan[38]
  • Nidal Malik Hasan[39]
  • Naveed Haq[40]
  • Omar Hammami[41]
  • Paul Hall (aka Abu Jihaad)[42]
  • Yahya Goba[43]
  • Faysal Galab[44]
  • Adam Gadahn[45]
  • Patrice Lumumba Ford[46]
  • Michael Finton[47]
  • James Elshafay[48]
  • Kamal Derwish[49]
  • James Cromitie[50]
  • Clifton L. Cousins[51]
  • Seifullah Chapman[52]
  • Dylan Boyd[53]
  • Zakaria Boyd[54]
  • Daniel Boyd[55]
  • Charles Bishop[56]
  • Muhammad Ibrahim Bilal[57]
  • Ahmed Ibrahim Bilal[58]
  • Jeffrey Leon Battle[59]
  • Rotschild Augustin[60]
  • Burson Augustin[61]
  • Ryan Anderson[62]
  • Mohammad Amawi[63]
  • Sahim Alwan[64]
  • Ali al-Timimi[65]
  • Mahmoud Faruq Brent (al-Mutazzim)[66]
  • Ahmed Omar Abu Ali[67]
  • Wasam al-Hanafi[68]
  • Mahmoud Alessa[69]
  • Hasan Akbar[70]
  • Khaleel Ahmed[71]
  • Ahmad Abousamra[72]
  • Hammad Abdur-Raheem[73]
  • Anwar Awlaki[74]
  • Zachary Chesser[75]
  • Narseal Batiste[76]
  • Sharif Mobley[77]
  • Khalid Abdul-Latif[78]
  • Walli Mujahidh[79]
  • Emerson Begolly[80]
  • Rezwan Ferdaus[81]
  • Barry Walter Bujol[82]

Naturalized U.S. citizens – 51 (28%)

Legal Residents (Unknown Documentation) – 26 (14%)

Student Visa – 5 (3%)

Refugee Status – 9 (5%)

Illegal Resident – 7 (4%)

Other – 3 (2%)

[1] Lolita C. Baldor, “Americans held in Pakistan straddled 2 worlds,” Associated Press, December 12, 2009 http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/12/12/americans_held_in_pakistan_straddled_2_worlds/?page=full

[2] Al Baker, “Suspects in Terror Bombing Plot: Drug Arrests and Prison Conversions,” The New York Times, May 22, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/22/nyregion/22suspects.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1299612675-XMhX+ctu8HgTpT+9CGG7Qw

[3] Ibid.

[4] “United States v. Kobie Diallo Williams and Adnan Babar Mirza,” Indictment made available by the Investigative Project on Terrorism, November 28, 2006. http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/341.pdf

[5] “Four Men Indicted on Terrorism Charges Related to Conspiracy to Attack Military Facilities, Other Targets,” U.S. Department of Justice  Press Release, August 31, 2005. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005/August/05_crm_453.html

[6] Claire Suddath, “Bryant Neal Vinas: An American in Al Qaeda,” Time.com,July 24, 2009. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1912512,00.html

[7] “From Community Activist to Alleged Terror Conspirator,” CNN, August 29, 2002. http://articles.cnn.com/2002-08-29/justice/ujaama.background_1_james-ujaama-day-james-earnest-thompson-qaeda?_s=PM:LAW

[8] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[9]Dina Temple-Raston, The Jihad Next Door: The Lackawanna Six and Rough Justice in the Age of Terror (New York: Perseus Books, 2007) pp. 27-28.

[10]David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  ”Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[11] Eli Lake, “'Permission' needed to kill U.S. terrorists,” Washington Times, 4 February 2010. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/feb/04/permission-needed-to-kill-american-terrorists/?page=2

[12] Ben Bradley, “Special Segment: The Making of a Terrorist,” February 16, 2011. http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/special_segments&id=7961433

[13]Alan Feuer. “Tapes capture bold claims of Bronx man in terror plot.”  New York Times, May 8, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/08/nyregion/08terror.html

[14]“United States of America against Ehsanul Islam Sadequee,” (Affidavit in Support of Arrest Warrant; US District Court, Eastern District of New York) Filed March 28, 2006. http://intelfiles.egoplex.com/public/syedahmed-affidavit.pdf

[15] Michelle O’Donnell, “2 Men, in New York and Florida, Are Charged in Qaeda Conspiracy,” New York Times, May 30 2005.

[16]“St. Louis man indicted in Kashmir conspiracy,” The Associated Press,  June 29, 2003. http://www.semissourian.com/story/113009.html

[17]Scott Shane and Andrea Zarate, “F.B.I. Killed Plot in Talking Stage, Top Aide Says,” New York Times June 24, 2006. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EFDA1630F937A15755C0A9609C8B63&pagewanted=all

[18] “Ohio Man Sentenced to 20 years for Terrorism Conspiracy to Bomb Targets in Europe and the United States,” Department of Justice (Southern District of Ohio), News Release made available by NEFA Foundation http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/US_v_Paul_dojprsent.pdf

[19] “Four Men Indicted on Terrorism Charges Related to Conspiracy to Attack Military Facilities, Other Targets,” U.S. Department of Justice Press Release, August 31, 2005. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005/August/05_crm_453.html

[20]Deborah Sontag.  “Terror Suspect's Path from Streets to Brig.” The New York Times. April 25, 2004. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/25/national/25PADI.html?ei=5007&en=f1d6a0b81ebc88ff&ex=1398312000&partner=USERLAND&pagewanted=all

[21]James Dao, “A Muslim Son, a Murder Trial, and Many Questions,” New York Times, February 16, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/17/us/17convert.html?pagewanted=2

[22] “Wanted by the FBI: Jehad Serwan Mostafa,” Federal Bureau of Investigation http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/alert/jehad-serwan-mostafa

[23]Dina Temple-Raston, The Jihad Next Door: The Lackawanna Six and Rough Justice in the Age of Terror (New York: Perseus Books, 2007) p. 45.

[24]Lolita C. Baldor, “Americans held in Pakistan straddled 2 worlds,” Associated Press, December 12, 2009. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/12/12/americans_held_in_pakistan_straddled_2_worlds/?page=full

[25] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[26] Mark Guarino, “US-born Shaker Masri arrested: wanted to blow up ‘infidels,’ FBI says,” The Christian Science Monitor, August 4, 2010. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2010/0804/US-born-Shaker-Masri-arrested-wanted-to-blow-up-infidels-FBI-says

[27]“United States v. Maldonado,” Complaint made available by NEFA Foundation, February 13, 2007. http://nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/U.S._v_Maldonado_Complaint.pdf

[28]John Walker Lindh, “Prepared Statement of John Walker Lindh to the Court.” October 4, 2002, Made available by NEFA Foundation http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/u.s._v_lindh_statementtocourt.pdf

[29] “Criminal Proceedings: A Timeline of U.S. Terror Cases,” Anti-Defamation League, March 9, 2010. http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/american_muslim_extremists_criminal_proceedings.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_9

[30]Maryclaire Dale, “'Jihad Jane' admits to conspiracy to support terrorists, murder,” Associated Press, February 1, 2011. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2011/0201/Jihad-Jane-admits-to-conspiracy-to-support-terrorists-murder

[31] Nicholas Riccardi, “Ireland frees American woman in terrorist plot,” Los Angeles Times, March 14, 2010. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/14/nation/la-na-jihad-ramirez14-2010mar14/2

[32] Lolita C. Baldor, “Americans held in Pakistan straddled 2 worlds,” Associated Press, December 12, 2009 http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/12/12/americans_held_in_pakistan_straddled_2_worlds/?page=full

[33] Terry Frieden, “U.S. appeals ruling to release to release suspected terrorist,” CNN, July 1, 2003. http://articles.cnn.com/2003-07-01/justice/terror.probe.bond_1_appeals-ruling-jihad-masoud-ahmad-khan?_s=PM:LAW

[34]Ray Rivera, “Brooklyn Man is Accused of Attempts to Aid Terrorists,” New York Times, September 25, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/25/nyregion/25jihad.html

[35]“Four Men Indicted on Terrorism Charges Related to Conspiracy to Attack Military Facilities, Other Targets,” U.S. Department of Justice Press Release, August 31, 2005. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005/August/05_crm_453.html

[36] Drew Griffin and Scott Bronstein, “American took a twisted trail to terror,” CNN, March 18, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/03/18/headlley.mumbai.profile/index.html

[37] Shabbir Ahmed, “FBI: Al Qaeda plot possibly uncovered,” CNN, June 9, 2005. http://articles.cnn.com/2005-06-08/us/terror.probe_1_johnny-griffin-iii-shabbir-ahmed-umer-hayat?_s=PM:US

[38] “Seven Charged with Terrorism Violations in North Carolina.” United States Department of Justice Press Release, July 27, 2009. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/July/09-nsd-725.html

[39] Brian Ross, Joseph Rhee, Anna Schecter, Avni Patel, Ethan Nelson, and Desiree Adib, “Nidal Malik Hasan, Suspected Fort Hood Shooter, Was Called 'Camel Jockey',” ABC News, November 6, 2009.  http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/nidal-malik-hasan-wanted-army-family/story?id=9008184

[40] “Suspect described as quiet loner,” Associated Press, July 29, 2006. http://www.komonews.com/news/archive/4192861.html

[41] Andrea Elliott, “The Jihadist Next Door,” The New York Times, January 31, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/magazine/31Jihadist-t.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print

[42] John Christofferson, “Ex-Sailor Convicted in Terror Case,” Associated Press, March 5, 2008. http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8V7E3A00&show_article=1

[43] Dina Temple-Raston, The Jihad Next Door: The Lackawanna Six and Rough Justice in the Age of Terror (New York: Perseus Books, 2007) p. 38.

[44] “Dina Temple-Raston, The Jihad Next Door: The Lackawanna Six and Rough Justice in the Age of Terror (New York: Perseus Books, 2007) p. 45.

[45]Raffi Khatchadourian, “Azzam the American,” The New Yorker, January 22, 2007. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/01/22/070122fa_fact_khatchadourian

[46] Jerome P. Bjelopera and Mark A. Randol, “American Jihadist Terrorism: Combating a Complex Threat,” Congressional Research Service, December 7, 2010, p. 122. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/R41416.pdf

[47]David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa, “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[48] “2 Held in Subway Bomb Plot.” St. Petersburg Times. August 29, 2004. http://www.sptimes.com/2004/08/29/Worldandnation/2_held_in_subway_bomb.shtml

[49] James Sandler, “Kamal Derwish: The Life and Death of An American Terrorist,” Frontline PBS, October 16, 2003. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sleeper/inside/derwish.html

[50]Susan Candiotti, “Suspects in alleged synagogue bomb plot denied bail,” CNN, May 21, 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/05/21/ny.bomb.plot/

[51] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa, “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[52] Mary Beth Sheridan, Caryle Murphy and Jerry Markon, “Va. 'Jihad' Suspects: 11 Men, Two Views,” Washington Post, August 8, 2003. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A31586-2003Aug7?language=printer

[53] “Seven Charged with Terrorism Violations in North Carolina.” United States Department of Justice Press Release, July 27, 2009. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/July/09-nsd-725.html

[54] Ibid.

[55] Ibid.

[56] Oliver Burkeman, “Death Wish,” The Guardian, January 9, 2002. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jan/09/september11.usa

[57]“Three of 6 Accused Terrorists Appear in Court” CNN, October 5, 2002. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/West/10/04/oregon.fbi.alqaeda/

[58] Ibid.

[59] Ibid.

[60] Scott Shane and Andrea Zarate, “F.B.I. Killed Plot in Talking Stage, Top Aide Says,” New York Times June 24, 2006. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EFDA1630F937A15755C0A9609C8B63&pagewanted=all

[61] Ibid.

[62] Mike Carter, “Local soldier accused of trying to give al-Qaida infom” The Seattle Times, February 13, 2004. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2001857111_ryan13m.html

[63]“Three convicted of conspiring to commit terrorist acts against Americans overseas,” Department of Justice Press Release, June 13, 2008. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/June/08-nsd-535.html

[64] Dina Temple-Raston, The Jihad Next Door: The Lackawanna Six and Rough Justice in the Age of Terror (New York: Perseus Books, 2007) p. 45.

[65]Jerry Markon, “Muslim Lecturer Sentence to Life,” The Washington Post, July 14, 2005. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/13/AR2005071302169.html

[66]“Cabbie sentenced for terror training,” The Washington Times, July 26 2007. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/jul/26/briefly-25858578/

[67] Jerry Markon and Dana Priest, “Terrorist Plot to Kill Bush Alleged,” The Washington Post, February 23, 2005. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43940-2005Feb22.html

[68] “Manhattan U.S. Attorney Charges Two Brooklyn Men with Conspiring to Provide Material Support to Al Qaeda,” Department of Justice Press Release, April 30, 2010. http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2010/nyfo043010.htm

[69]William K. Rashbaum “Two Arrested at Kennedy Airport on Terror Charges,” New York Times, June 6, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/07/nyregion/07terror.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all

[70] Madeleine Greun, “Backgrounder: Sgt. Hasak Akbar.” NEFA Foundation, January 2010 http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/nefa_akbarbackgrounder.pdf

[71]“News Release - 21 February 2007,” Department of Justice Press Release (Northern District of Ohio), February 21, 2007. http://www.justice.gov/usao/ohn/news%202005-2009/21February2007.html

[72] “Massachusetts Man Arrested for Attempting to Wage ‘Violent Jihad’ against America,” Anti-Defamation League, June 18 2010. http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/tarek_mehanna_arrest.htm

[73] Terry Frieden, “‘Jihad network’ suspects plead not guilty,” CNN, July 3, 2003. http://edition.cnn.com/2003/LAW/07/03/terror.arraignment/index.html

[74] “Topics: Anwar al-Awlaki,” New York Times, March 5, 2011. http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/a/anwar_al_awlaki/index.html

[75] “Zachary Chesser Timeline,” Washington Post, October 27, 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/metro/zac-chesser/

[76] Scott Shane and Andrea Zarate, “F.B.I. Killed Plot in Talking Stage, Top Aide Says,” New York Times, June 24, 2006. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EFDA1630F937A15755C0A9609C8B63&pagewanted=all   

[77] Wayne Parry and Geoff Mulvihill, “Sharif Mobley: FBI Investigating New Jersey-Born Alleged Al Qaeda Member Who Tried To Shoot Way Out Of Hospital,” Associated Press, March 11, 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/11/sharif-mobley-fbi-investi_n_495172.html

[78] Terry Frieden, “Two men charged with plan to attack military recruiting station,” CNN.com, June 24, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/06/23/terror.arrests/

[79] Terry Frieden, “Two men charged with plan to attack military recruiting station,” CNN.com, June 24, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/06/23/terror.arrests/

[80] Hanna Siegel, “Nazi Buff Turned Jihadi Allegedly Bites FBI Agents,” ABC News, January 6, 2011. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/nazi-buff-turned-jihadi-allegedly-bites-fbi-agents/story?id=12557232

[81] Peter Finn, “Mass. man accused of plotting to hit Pentagon and Capitol with drone aircraft,” The Washington Post, September 28, 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/national-security/mass-man-accused-of-plotting-to-hit-pentagon-and-capitol-with-drone-aircraft/2011/09/28/gIQAWdpk5K_story.html

[82] Dane Schiller, “Texan Found Guilty of Trying to Join Al-Qaeda,” Houston Chronicle, November 15, 2011. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Texan-found-guilty-of-trying-to-join-al-Qaida-2268690.php

[83] Alex Rodriguez, “Pakistan convicts 5 American Muslims on terrorism charges,” The Los Angeles Times, June 25, 2010. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/25/world/la-fg-pakistan-americans-20100625

[84] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa, “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[85] Alex Rodriguez, “Pakistan convicts 5 American Muslims on terrorism charges,” The Los Angeles Times, June 25, 2010. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/25/world/la-fg-pakistan-americans-20100625

[86]Declan Walsh and Daniel Nasaw, “Background: 'North Carolina Taliban,” The Guardian, September 3, 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/03/background-daniel-boyd-fbi-case

[87] “Taheri-Azar Pleads Guilty to Attempted Murder,” Associated Press, August 12, 2008. [ http://abclocal.go.com/wtvd/story?section=news/local&id=6321696

[88] “Indictment: United States v. Anes Subasic, et al”.  U.S. District Court of Eastern District of North Carolina, Western Division  No. 5:09cr216-1 FL.  http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/1029.pdf#page=7

[89]Kareem Fahim, “Six Ordinary Lives That Took a Detour to a World of Terror,” New York Times, May 9, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/nyregion/09suspects.html

[90] “Manhattan US Attorney Charges Faisal Shahzad with Attempted Car Bombing in Times Square,” United States Department of Justice (Southern District of New York), May 4, 2010. http://newyork.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel10/nyfo050410a.htm

[91]Terry Frieden, “U.S. citizen pleads guilty to sending funds to al Qaeda,” CNN, May 19, 2010. http://articles.cnn.com/2010-05-19/justice/missouri.al.qaeda.funding.plea_1_qaeda-united-arab-emirates-guilty?_s=PM:CRIME

[92] William McCall, “Feds: Somali-born teen plotted car-bombing in Oregon,” Associated Press, November 27, 2010. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2010/1127/Feds-Somali-born-teen-plotted-car-bombing-in-Oregon

[93] John Marzulli, Kate Nocera and Samuel Goldsmith, “Queens man Adis Medunjanin, linked to Zazi NYC terror bomb plot, pleads not guilty,” New York Daily News, January 9, 2010. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-01-09/news/17944003_1_terror-camp-najibullah-zazi-adis-medunjanin

[94] Ben Nuckols, “FBI: Md. bomb plot suspect knew about Oregon sting,” Associated Press, December 9, 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40587513/ns/us_news-security/

[95] Terry Frieden, “'Virginia jihad' suspect pleads guilty,” CNN, August 25, 2003. http://articles.cnn.com/2003-08-25/justice/virginia.jihad.plea_1_virginia-jihad-prosecutors-yong-ki-kwon?_s=PM:LAW

[96] Tricia McDermott, “U.S. Cabbie Charged with Aiding Al Qaeda,” Associated Press, March 26, 2010. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/03/26/national/main6336669.shtml

[97] Thomas Tracy, “Failed terrorist gets life behind bars,” New York Post, December 21, 2010. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/brooklyn/failed_terrorist_gets_life_behind_YSMnLAjv3uqh8GZ8ZrAFBO

[98] “Man Pleads Guilty to Terror Bomb Plot,” ABC News, September 30, 2004. http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91397&page=1

[99] Jane Sutton, “Padilla case built on fear, lawyers say,” Reuters, August 14, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/14/idUSN14164523

[100] Mike Carter and Ian Ith, “Somali-born Roosevelt grad pleads guilty to terror acts,” Seattle Times, July 16, 2009. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2009479125_somalia16m.html

[101] “Albany Mosque Leaders Caught in Terror Sting Convicted of Money Laundering,” Associated Press, October 11, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,219661,00.html

[102] Ben Jacklet and Janine Robben,  “Hawash regrets ‘worst decision,’” The Portland Tribune, October 30, 2009. http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=22979

[103] “Fourteen Charged with Providing Material Support to Somalia-Based Terrorist Organization al Shabaab,” Department of Justice Press Release, August 5, 2010. http://www2.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel10/somaliaterrorist_080510.htm

[104] “More terror charges against Australian Sabirhan Hasanoff in New York,” Associated Press, September 15, 2010. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/more-terror-charges-against-australian-sabirhan-hasanoff-in-new-york/story-e6frg6so-1225923532429

[105] Jerry Markon and Mary Beth Sheridan, “Indictment expands ‘VA jihad’ charges,” The Washington Post, September 26, 2003. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A2730-2003Sep25.html

[106] “Iyman Faris Sentenced for Providing Material Support to Al Qaeda,” Department of Justice Press Release, October 28, 2003. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2003/October/03_crm_589.htm

[107] “Brooklyn Man Sentenced for Conspiracy to Aid Terrorists Overseas.” Anti-defamation League, April 25, 2007. http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/farhane_sentenced.htm

[108] “Al Shabaab’s American Recruits,” Anti-Defamation League, December 6, 2010. http://www.adl.org/NR/exeres/D0E7DF5A-46A1-47F9-8252-784E6AFBB52C,DB7611A2-02CD-43AF-8147-649E26813571,frameless.htm

[109] KathrynWexler, “Father Denies Son Linked to Terror,” St Petersburg Times, March 22, 2003. http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/22/news_pf/State/Father_denies_son_lin.shtml

[110] “Three Sentenced for Conspiring to Commit Terrorist Acts Against Americans Overseas,” Department of Justice Press Release, October 22, 2009. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/October/09-nsd-1136.html

[111] Craig Whitlock, “Al-Qaeda Operative Loses Freedom in Yemen,” The Washington Post, May 19, 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/05/18/ST2008051801013.html

[112] “Hearing Held for Terrorist Suspects,” San Diego Channel 10 News, November 9, 2010. http://www.10news.com/news/25682704/detail.html

[113] “Russell Defreitas sentenced to life in prison for conspiring to commit terrorist attack at JFK airport,”Department of Justice Press Release (Eastern District of New York), February 17, 2011. http://www.justice.gov/usao/nye/pr/2011/2011feb17.html

[114] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[115] “Teacher Jailed for Aiding LeT.” Times of India. August 26, 2006. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1929483.cms

[116] “Joining the Fight in Somalia,” The New York Times, July 12, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/12/us/20090712-somalia-timeline.html

[117] Andy Tighe, “The US ‘supergrass’ central to trial,” BBC News, March 23, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4839484.stm

[119] “Fourteen Charged with Providing Material Support to Somalia-Based Terrorist Organization al Shabaab,” Department of Justice Press Release, August 5, 2010. http://www2.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel10/somaliaterrorist_080510.htm

[120] “Joining the Fight in Somalia,” The New York Times, July 12, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/12/us/20090712-somalia-timeline.html

[121] Ben Dobbin, “Prosecutors: Alleged NY terrorist cell was under investigation before 9/11,” Associated Press, September 16, 2002. http://www.boston.com/news/daily/16/new_york_cell.htm

[122] Mark Hosenball, “Terror Comes Home,” Newsweek, May 20, 2010. http://www.newsweek.com/2010/05/20/terror-comes-home.html

[123] Ann Binlot, “Farooque Ahmed Described as Quiet Suburban Dad,” Associated Press, October 28, 2010. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/10/28/national/main7000930.shtml

[124] “Terror Charges Unsealed in Minneapolis Against Eight Men, Justice Department Announces,” Department of Justice Press Release, November 23, 2009. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/November/09-nsd-1267.html

[125] Brenda Goodman, “Student is Held in Terror Case,” New York Times, April 21, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/21/us/21georgia.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

[126] “Joining the Fight in Somalia,” The New York Times, July 12, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/12/us/20090712-somalia-timeline.html

[127] “Syed Hashmi sentenced to 15 years for aiding Al Qaeda chief,” June 10, 2010. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ny_crime/2010/06/10/2010-06-10_he_gets_15_yrs_for_aiding_al_qaeda_chief.html

[128] Jay Weaver and Curtis Morgan, “Attorney says imam will fight terror charges,” The Miami Herald, May 17, 2011. http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/05/16/2219657/attorney-muslim-accused-of-backing.html

[129] Ibid.

[130] Richard Serrano, “Six indicted in plot to raise money for terrorism; 1 is held in L.A.,” Los Angeles Times, May 15, 2011. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-us-taliban-suspects-20110514,0,6423724.story?track=rss

[131] Karen Freifeld and Henry Goldman, “Synagogue Attack by ‘Islamic Extremists’ Stopped,” Bloomberg, May 12, 2011.  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-12/new-york-synagogue-attack-is-said-to-be-thwarted-as-police-arrest-two-men.html

[132] Joseph Goldstein and William K. Rashbaum, “City Bomb Plot Suspect Is Called Fan of Qaeda Cleric,” The New York Times, November 20, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/21/nyregion/jose-pimentel-is-charged-in-new-york-city-bomb-plot.html?_r=1

[133] Richard Esposito, Pierre Thomas, Sunlan Miller, and Huma Khan, “Marine Corps Reserve Corporal Arrested in Pentagon Bomb Scare,” ABC News, July 17, 2011. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/marine-corps-reserve-corporal-arrested-pentagon-bomb-scare/story?id=13865755

[134] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[135] “Al Shabaab's American Recruits,” Anti-Defamation League, February 1, 2010. http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/al_shabaab_american_recruits.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_4

[136] “Najibullah Zazi Indicted for Conspiracy to Use Explosives Against Persons or Property in the United States,” Department of Justice Press Release (New York Field Office), September 24, 2009 http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo092409.htm  

[137] “Woman Charged in Calif. with Aiding Al Qaeda Group,” Associated Press, November 16, 2010. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/11/15/national/main7057666.shtml

[139]Kareem Fahim, “Six Ordinary Lives That Took a Detour to a World of Terror,” New York Times, May 9, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/nyregion/09suspects.html

[140] “Seven Charged with Terrorism Violations in North Carolina.” Department of Justice Press Release, July 27, 2009. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/July/09-nsd-725.html

[141] “Four Men Indicted on Terrorism Charges Related to Conspiracy to Attack Military Facilities, Other Targets,” Department of Justice Press Release, August 31, 2005. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005/August/05_crm_453.html

[142] “Terror Charges Unsealed in Minnesota Against Eight Defendants, Justice Department Announces,” Department of Justice, November 23, 2009. http://minneapolis.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel09/mp112309.htm

[143] “United States of America v. Uzair Paracha,” Criminal complaint filed August 8, 2003 and made available online by FindLaw.com http://news.findlaw.com/cnn/docs/terrorism/usparacha80803cmp.pdf

[144] “U.S. Inquiry Said to Focus On 2 Mosques In Seattle,” New York Times, July 13, 2002. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E02E4D91E30F930A25754C0A9649C8B63

[145] “Al Shabaab’s American Recruits,” Anti-Defamation League, December 6, 2010. http://www.adl.org/NR/exeres/D0E7DF5A-46A1-47F9-8252-784E6AFBB52C,DB7611A2-02CD-43AF-8147-649E26813571,frameless.htm

[146] “Al Shabaab’s American Recruits,” Anti-Defamation League, December 6, 2010. http://www.adl.org/NR/exeres/D0E7DF5A-46A1-47F9-8252-784E6AFBB52C,DB7611A2-02CD-43AF-8147-649E26813571,frameless.htm

[147] “Three Men Charged With Planning Attacks, Jihad,” ABC News, February 21, 2006. http://abcnews.go.com/US/LegalCenter/story?id=1645279&page=1

[148] Lisa Porteus, “Three Charged in Plan to Attack U.S. Military in Iraq,” Fox News, February 22, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,185551,00.html

[149] Richard Willing, “Pursuit of al-Qaeda keeps coming back to Fla.,” USA Today, June 16, 2003. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-06-15-florida-usat_x.htm

[150] “The bogus arms deal which led to jail,” BBC News, April 28, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4491317.stm

[151] “Al Shabaab’s American Recruits,” Anti-Defamation League, February 1, 2010. http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/al_shabaab_american_recruits.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_4

[152] “FBI identifies Los Angeles airport gunman,” The Guardian,, July 5, 2002. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jul/05/usgunviolence.usa3

[153] “'Virginia Jihad' member sentenced to 121 months in prison,” Alexandria Times, July 26, 2007. http://www.alextimes.com/news/2007/jul/26/virginia-jihad-member-sentenced-to-121-months-in-p/

[154] “Criminal Proceedings: A Timeline of US Terror Cases; Criminal Proceedings in 2003 and 2002,” Anti-Defamation League, March 9, 2010. http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/american_muslim_extremists_criminal_proceedings.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_9

[155] Kareem Fahim, “Six Ordinary Lives That Took a Detour to a World of Terror,” New York Times, May 9, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/nyregion/09suspects.html

[156] “FBI Credits Informant for Helping Bust New York Terror Plot,” Fox News, May 21, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,520961,00.html

[157] Caryn Brooks, “Portland's Bomb Plot: Who Is Mohamed Mohamud?” Time, November 28, 2010.

http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2033372,00.html

[158] Kristyn Gansen, “Two Rochester women, 10 men with Minnesota ties indicted on terrorism charges,” Minneapolis Top News Examiner, August 5, 2010. http://www.examiner.com/top-news-in-minneapolis/two-rochester-women-10-men-with-minnesota-ties-indicted-on-terrorism-charges

[159] Department of Justice, “Two Indicted for Conspiracy to Provide Material Support to Terrorists,” October 20, 2011. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2011/October/11-nsd-1385.html

[160] “Ali Al-Marri Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy to Provide Material Support to Al-Qaeda,” Department of Justice Press Release, April 30, 2009. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/April/09-nsd-415.html

[161] Larry McShane, “Saudi college student Khalid Ali-M Aldawsari accused of bomb plots on New York City, George W. Bush,” New York Daily News, February 24, 2011. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-02-24/news/28643914_1_bomb-making-plot-tyrant-s-house-bomb-plots

[162] Meg Laughlin, “USF student faces sentencing on terror charges Thursday,” St. Petersburg Times, December 15, 2008. http://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/criminal/article938198.ece

[163] Mary Flood, “Ex-HCC student convicted of helping the Taliban,” Houston Chronicle, March 28, 2010. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7026012.html

[164] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[165] Tim O’Neil, “Somali refugee in St. Louis accused of aiding terrorist group back home,” St. Louis Today, November 3, 2010. http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_ff02f8a4-e76a-11df-b2e0-00127992bc8b.html

[166] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa, “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[167] Michael Wilson, “Jury Convicts 2 Albany Men in Missile Sting,” New York Times,  October 11, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/11/nyregion/11plot.html

[168] “Man allegedly in al-Qaida plot to bomb Ohio shopping mall,” NBC News, June 15, 2004. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5209103/ns/us_news-security/

[169] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[170] “Joining the Fight in Somalia,” The New York Times, July 12, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/12/us/20090712-somalia-timeline.html

[171] Karen Freifeld and Henry Goldman, “Synagogue Attack by ‘Islamic Extremists’ Stopped,” Bloomberg, May 12, 2011.  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-12/new-york-synagogue-attack-is-said-to-be-thwarted-as-police-arrest-two-men.html

[172] Terry Frieden, “2 Iraqis arrested in Kentucky, charged with aiding al Qaeda in Iraq,” CNN.com, May 31, 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-31/justice/kentucky.iraqis.arrested_1_qaeda-iraqi-authorities-weapons?_s=PM:CRIME

[173] Ibid.

[174] “FBI Arrests Jordanian Citizen for Attempting to Bomb Skyscraper in Downtown Dallas,” Department of Justice Press Release, September 24, 2009. http://dallas.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel09/dl092409.htm

[175] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans,” January 6, 2010. http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf

[176] Kareem Fahim, “Six Ordinary Lives That Took a Detour to a World of Terror,” New York Times, May 9, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/nyregion/09suspects.html

[177] Ibid.

[178] Ibid.

[179] Scott Shane and Andrea Zarate, “F.B.I. Killed Plot in Talking Stage, Top Aide Says,” New York Times June 24, 2006. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05EFDA1630F937A15755C0A9609C8B63&pagewanted=all

[180] David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa,  “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim Americans.” http://www.sanford.duke.edu/news/Schanzer_Kurzman_Moosa_Anti-Terror_Lessons.pdf] Note: Overstayed student visa.

[181] Juliane von Mittelstaedt, “The Most Dangerous Woman in the World,” Der Spiegel, November 27, 2008. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,593195,00.html

[182] “US trial of Tahawwur Rana postponed,” Hindustan Times, January 9, 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/US-trial-of-Tahawwur-Rana-postponed/Article1-648143.aspx

[183] Amita Sharma, “Two San Diego Men Deny Terror Links To Al-Shabab,” KPBS San Diego, November 3, 2010. http://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/nov/03/two-san-diego-men-deny-terror-links-al-shabab/